Integrand size = 20, antiderivative size = 39 \[ \int \frac {1-x^2}{1+3 x^2+x^4} \, dx=-\arctan \left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{3+\sqrt {5}}} x\right )+\arctan \left (\sqrt {\frac {1}{2} \left (3+\sqrt {5}\right )} x\right ) \]
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Time = 0.02 (sec) , antiderivative size = 39, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 3, number of rules used = 2, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.100, Rules used = {1177, 209} \[ \int \frac {1-x^2}{1+3 x^2+x^4} \, dx=\arctan \left (\sqrt {\frac {1}{2} \left (3+\sqrt {5}\right )} x\right )-\arctan \left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{3+\sqrt {5}}} x\right ) \]
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Rule 209
Rule 1177
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {1}{2} \left (-1-\sqrt {5}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {5}}{2}+x^2} \, dx+\frac {1}{2} \left (-1+\sqrt {5}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {\sqrt {5}}{2}+x^2} \, dx \\ & = -\tan ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{3+\sqrt {5}}} x\right )+\tan ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {\frac {1}{2} \left (3+\sqrt {5}\right )} x\right ) \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.01 (sec) , antiderivative size = 10, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.26 \[ \int \frac {1-x^2}{1+3 x^2+x^4} \, dx=\arctan \left (\frac {x}{1+x^2}\right ) \]
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Time = 0.06 (sec) , antiderivative size = 14, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.36
method | result | size |
risch | \(-\arctan \left (x \right )+\arctan \left (x^{3}+2 x \right )\) | \(14\) |
parallelrisch | \(\frac {i \ln \left (x^{2}-i x +1\right )}{2}-\frac {i \ln \left (x^{2}+i x +1\right )}{2}\) | \(28\) |
default | \(-\frac {2 \left (-5+\sqrt {5}\right ) \sqrt {5}\, \arctan \left (\frac {4 x}{2 \sqrt {5}-2}\right )}{5 \left (2 \sqrt {5}-2\right )}-\frac {2 \sqrt {5}\, \left (5+\sqrt {5}\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {4 x}{2 \sqrt {5}+2}\right )}{5 \left (2 \sqrt {5}+2\right )}\) | \(66\) |
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Time = 0.25 (sec) , antiderivative size = 13, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.33 \[ \int \frac {1-x^2}{1+3 x^2+x^4} \, dx=\arctan \left (x^{3} + 2 \, x\right ) - \arctan \left (x\right ) \]
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Time = 0.05 (sec) , antiderivative size = 10, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.26 \[ \int \frac {1-x^2}{1+3 x^2+x^4} \, dx=- \operatorname {atan}{\left (x \right )} + \operatorname {atan}{\left (x^{3} + 2 x \right )} \]
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\[ \int \frac {1-x^2}{1+3 x^2+x^4} \, dx=\int { -\frac {x^{2} - 1}{x^{4} + 3 \, x^{2} + 1} \,d x } \]
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Time = 0.27 (sec) , antiderivative size = 26, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.67 \[ \int \frac {1-x^2}{1+3 x^2+x^4} \, dx=\frac {1}{4} \, \pi \mathrm {sgn}\left (x\right ) - \frac {1}{2} \, \arctan \left (\frac {x^{4} + x^{2} + 1}{2 \, {\left (x^{3} + x\right )}}\right ) \]
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Time = 13.51 (sec) , antiderivative size = 13, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.33 \[ \int \frac {1-x^2}{1+3 x^2+x^4} \, dx=\mathrm {atan}\left (x^3+2\,x\right )-\mathrm {atan}\left (x\right ) \]
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